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Earlier this month the report 'A Switch campaign of a different kind: Why people are sticking with Mac OS 9, and what will make the Mac OS X shift happen' generated tremendous response. Our next installment is entitled the 'Mac OS 9 Refugee Manual, Part 1,' and covers the following topics:

Why stick with Mac OS 9? Performance and future app development
Living in a modern OS world: Booting Mac OS 9 on 2003 (Mac OS X only) Macs
Troubleshooting Techniques Descriptions of, and workarounds for, the most common problems, and a list of penalties for sticking with an OS 9 booting Mac.

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Introduction

In the mid-1990's, the Mac community went through a technically significant but surprisingly fluid (thanks in large part to developer software product Metrowerks) transition. The PowerPC processor ? a RISC replacement for the aging but venerable 68K line ? opened new doors for performance while allowing virtually transparent compatibility with non-optimized applications, which at the time included the Mac OS.

In a perfect world, the transition to Mac OS X would be just as smooth, and compatibility with older products just as transparent. While Apple has done its best with the Classic environment, it can hardly be considered a transparent part of the interface, and is even further from being transparently compatible with older hardware and software offerings.

I. Why stick with Mac OS 9? Performance and future app development

Performance

Macs built after 2003 will only boot Mac OS X (including the PowerPC 970 Macs , which according to current test results generate a sizeable performance gap in relation to their predecessors), so your performance will generally be limited if you choose to stay in a Mac OS 9 environment.

While a number of hacks for booting Mac OS 9 on the latest hardware have emerged, none have proved reliable enough to deploy on a large-scale or mission critical basis.

That said, a Power Macintosh G4 with dual 1.25 Ghz PowerPC 7450 (G4) processors is no clunker. Under Mac OS 9, interface functions are lightning-quick, and AltiVec support in most media intensive OS 9 applications allows for speedy digital video and image manipulation.

As further verification of Mac OS 9 as well-performing platform, the Kodak Research Systems company says that its IDL 5.6 - software for data analysis, visualization, and cross-platform application development ? runs noticeably faster in Mac OS 9 for some users.

The Kodak subsidiary claims that the quality of the generated code probably accounts for a considerable portion of the decrease in performance when migrating to Mac OS X, since a different C compiler was used to build IDL 5.5 for native OS 9 than the one used to build IDL 5.6 for OS X.

They add 'We expect that Apple will put resources into improving the gcc C compiler, as it will help the performance of the entire system.' (A new version of gcc, version 3.3, was provided to developers at the 2003 WWDC conference and is purported to deliver enhanced performance).

One of the key differences that allows some applications to perform better in Mac OS 9 is that it is a cooperative multitasking operating system.

This means that a process has full control of the CPU and can use it until it makes a system call to give the CPU to another process if there is one waiting. In a preemptive multitasking operating system like OS X, the process is interrupted many times a second. Even if there are no other processes needing the CPU, there is still some overhead with the interruption itself.

Also, Mac OS 9 uses a completely different memory system when compared to Mac OS X. While Mac OS 9's 'real' memory model ? opposed to Mac OS X's true virtual memory model ? is very fast, it also allows applications to write in each other's space manifesting conflicts and crashes. Hence the term 'protected memory' in Mac OS X.

Worried about future app development?

While it is undeniable that many major developers ? including Microsoft, Quark, Adobe and others ? are entirely shifting future production of major applications to Mac OS X, a number of firms have also pledged to support Mac OS 9 in new releases of cornerstone programs. For instance, Intuit recently held a round of beta testing for its Quicken 2004 release [unreleased at the time of this writing] with a relatively strong emphasis on Mac OS 9 compatibility. Our friend Wil Shipley at the Omni Group had some interesting comments about new development at the WWDC held in June.

'I think it's notable that every Apple system app that ships with Jaguar is Cocoa based (except the Finder), whereas a huge number of the apps with 10.1 were Carbon. Pretty much every group inside Apple has now discovered the power of Cocoa (except, maybe, the sound guys, who still are writing Carbon-only APIs and Java code.).

'Now that Carbon and Cocoa can co-exist in the same app, and now that making apps backwards-compatible with OS 9 is pretty much moot, I think we're going to see a lot more of the ?big boys' doing experiments with partial Cocoa apps -- they've got huge codebases of Carbon, but there's no reason they can't do new parts of their apps in Cocoa, and save time, money, and effort.'

'What I do expect to see a lot of at this show as opposed to previous shows is 'how do you take advantage of all the cool things Mac OS X has to offer' instead of 'how do you write for OS X and still manage to keep your apps limping along on OS 9?' As recently as last year we would see updates to, say, OpenGL on the Mac OS X side and then Apple would have to worry about trying to do the same kinds of cool things for OS 9. Nowadays it's, 'Look, Mac OS X is just going to be faster and better..'

II. Living in a modern OS world: Booting Mac OS 9 on 2003 (Mac OS X only) Macs

There is a solution for booting Mac OS 9 on Macs released after January 1, 2003 - which are designated as exclusively capable of booting Mac OS X by Apple.

Apple recently posted a new file to its private Apple Service Provider web page (accessible only by account-holding Apple technicians and resellers) titled 'MacTest Pro for Power Mac G4 (March 2003) Version 7.8.1 supports all iMac (Flat Panel) 15 inch systems only.'

The file is a CD image which can be downloaded and to a disc, then used as a startup disk. Testing on a 'Mac OS X-only' flat panel iMac system revealed that the image properly booted Mac OS 9.

Users can then copy a stripped-down Mac OS 9 system folder to their hard drive, and select it with the 'Startup Disk' System Preferences pane, delivering a Mac OS 9 bootable internal disk.

It appears that a new MacOS ROM file (ver. 9.8.1) is what enables booting from the image.

Of course, this solution is only readily accessible by Mac service providers, but it shows that Mac OS 9 boots are not impossible on Apple's new machines. Also, please note that Mac OS 9 startup was not tested on any machines other than the 2003 flat-panel iMac. This method has been independently verified.

In order to first boot into 9, you must boot off a CD or some other partition. Then you can select the one on the HD using classic StartupDisk control panel. The Classic system folder won't show up in X's StartupDisk CP. I haven't tried to see if it will show up in the OpenFirmware bootpicker (maybe on another partion?) or if using the commandline 'bless' under X will work.

Ipassword5 for mac user manual download. It seems that the ROM file is the only special thing needed. On the CD there was also a blessed system file called 'Custer' (as in Mac OS 9's last stand?) though it does not appear to be necessary.

So while you may not be able to ever use technologies like FireWire 800 (without proper drivers) under Mac OS 9, you will at least be able to take advantage of the increased perfo

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